69 research outputs found

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    Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72145/1/eth.1997.25.1.126.pd

    Why Don't Anthropologists Like Children?

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    Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66060/1/aa.2002.104.2.611.pd

    The Conceptual Politics of Race: lessons from Our Children

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    Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74646/1/eth.1997.25.1.63.pd

    Race et réductionnisme

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    Je remercie Georges Guille-Escuret pour la lecture attentive de mon rĂ©cent article paru dans L’Homme. Nous sommes d’accord sur le fait qu’il y a un certain nombre de questions qui mĂ©ritent d’ĂȘtre dĂ©battues, et qui y Ă©taient soulevĂ©es. Nous divergeons, cependant, quant Ă  la meilleure façon d’interprĂ©ter les donnĂ©es dont j’ai fait Ă©tat. Avant de rĂ©pondre aux critiques de Georges Guille-Escuret, je voudrais d’abord dissiper, pour lui et pour les lecteurs de L’Homme, toute confusion. Georges Guil..

    Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

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    Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

    A. B. Sinaga Ofm Cap, The Toba-Batak High God : Transcendence and Immanence

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    Hirschfeld Lawrence A. A. B. Sinaga Ofm Cap, The Toba-Batak High God : Transcendence and Immanence. In: L'Homme, 1983, tome 23 n°2. pp. 154-155

    Folksociology and the Cognitive Foundations of Culture

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    A hallmark of human social life is its variability across cultures and history. One constant, however, is the importance of group membership in reasoning about the behavior of others. The acquisition of group-based reasoning has typically been viewed as a problem in social learning, in which the same cognitive processes are used that support reasoning across any number of domains regardless of content. Here I argue that emphasis on domain-general learning and cultural variability obscures the crucial role that domain-specific processes play in securing and sustaining human social life and its cultural variability. The hypothesis is explored by reviewing evidence in favor of an evolved modular competence for folksociology that governs the development of group-based reasoning and is crucial to understanding both pancultural constancy and cultural variability.Folksociology et les fondements cognitifs de la culture. Une caractĂ©ristique de la vie sociale humaine est sa variabilitĂ© au cours de l’histoire et entre les cultures. Il y a cependant une constante, qui rĂ©side dans l’importance du sentiment d’appartenance au groupe, dans le raisonnement Ă  propos du comportement des autres. Le fait que des modes de raisonnement soient acquis en fonction du groupe auquel on appartient a typiquement Ă©tĂ© considĂ©rĂ© comme problĂ©matique pour les thĂ©ories de l''apprentissage selon lesquelles ce sont les mĂȘmes processus cognitifs qui sont utilisĂ©s dans le raisonnement quels que soient les domaines, indĂ©pendamment du contenu. Nous avancerons ici que l’accent mis sur la l''idĂ©e d''un apprentissage gĂ©nĂ©ral et sur la variabilitĂ© culturelle obscurcit le fait que les processus spĂ©cifiques Ă  un domaine jouent un rĂŽle crucial dans la solidification et le maintien de la vie sociale humaine et dans sa variabilitĂ© culturelle. On explore cette hypothĂšse en examinant les Ă©lĂ©ments en faveur d’une compĂ©tence modulaire Ă©voluĂ©e pour la ‘ folksociology’ gouvernant le dĂ©veloppement du raisonnement de groupe ; compĂ©tence cruciale pour comprendre Ă  la fois l’invariabilitĂ© trans-culturelle et la variabilitĂ© culturelle. Tous les animaux sociaux doivent nĂ©cessairement coordonner leur comportement avec les membres de leur propre groupe social et les membres d’autres groupes sociaux. Pour ce faire, ils ont probablement des compĂ©tences cognitives particuliĂšres correspondant aux catĂ©gories conspĂ©cifiques, en tant que membres de catĂ©gories ou de groupes sociaux divers. Le cas humain est cependant particulier. La socialitĂ© humaine, et en particulier les catĂ©gories et les groupes humains, sont culturellement et historiquement constituĂ©s ; ainsi les compĂ©tences sociales sont acquises dans des environnements culturels diffĂ©rents. Une capacitĂ© cognitive, dont les entrĂ©es dĂ©clenchant et les sorties sont globalement figĂ©es (comme pour la plupart des espĂšces sociales non humaines) ne serait ainsi pas pertinente pour rendre compte des systĂšmes variables de la catĂ©gorisation sociale humaine.Hirschfeld Lawrence A. Folksociology and the Cognitive Foundations of Culture. In: Intellectica. Revue de l'Association pour la Recherche Cognitive, n°46-47, 2007/2-3. Culture and Society: Some Viewpoints of Cognitive Scientists. pp. 191-206

    Notes on the Toba Batak (Sumatra)

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    Hirschfeld Lawrence A. Notes on the Toba Batak (Sumatra). In: L'Homme, 1979, tome 19 n°1. pp. 141-144
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